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1

ֿһڳ֮󣬺úøԼϴһˮ裬
ڿϷ7 죬ϴǼ˺ܿĵ¡Ϸ
ôѧ鹹ѧĴѧȻûи
һĵչ۰ĺƯ׼1 70ߣ
ϷдԵİɫĽɫѵõһ˫۾ˮĺ
߸ߵıһɱ޷Цݡڴѧ꣬
꣬ƺױȵһͬУʦ޷ܵ
ѧѧϯǵģһһϷŮ
ȳƣԷ࣬ζܲ˸ã
һ߸ʷֻҪ֪ǣֿϷôѧ
ϵʵżɵУ

ֿһϲĴ磬ɫĹȹɫ
˿7׸ߵɫ¶ֺ߸Ьϰż߸˵ľͳ
ȥϰҡİòǺܶ࣬˿飬ֻܾʣһǱˣ
ҲǴҶϲġ˵Ǿ

ףôиֻֿ·ߵĲƺһֻ
˭ĵģ㿴ܲͨͨѶ¼һʧҲһ¡

ǴֻͨѶ¼һˣȻûһϵˡ

뿴ţͻȻֻôһžֻĻһ
δŵʾֿԵİȷϼ

ãϲΪֻĵ8ūڿʼȨ
ֻ̨Уֻ㷢ÿһָʾ򣬶ħͷ
㡣ֻĻʾݣֿЦһ£˭Ķ簡
òĸߵַûᣬֻԶʲô¶û
з뿪ϰȥ

ֿʼµ鷢ˣû߼ͻȻŸ߸Ь˫һ
Ťʧȥģ˿ϥصĹ˵ϣղŶȥ
ֻͻȻ֪ôǰݱǸֻ¹
ѵǶħľ档ֿһУѵֻϢ
ģǸжֲ

뿴ţֻٴδϢֿϽ򶶵˫ֻ
Ķ

εĳͷģǾ棬أֻźãȴһ
ĵ

ֿ治ţϣΣ֪ģ
ı׼ȷķϡʱԱ·ͬѧϴֵĿ⣬
ΪԼ֪ʲôԭڵϡϽվãĵ˿ϥճס
µֻŽ˰첽뿪

ϰҵ·ϣֿļȸӣΪʲôԼôùô
飬츳ѵҪŪ𣿾
ôȥһеʱֻˡ

뿴š

ֻֿó򿪣εİȷϼ

ܺãôҪףһģҪľǽʵ
Ըڣһˡ30ɣ

ϢֿҪˣƺûѡģ
֪һԼôĳͷ

ˣֿû취εСš

ܺãѾɫˣڸĵһϳ
ѧУڽֵȤƷ깺¶ңͨͣȫ
͡ԼѡȤ¿ͼ˫Ȥ˿ࡣ

һЩжֿƺԼٵȴ
һ˿ڴ·ЩԼѾõĶû
ܾȨֻĿĵسһ·ϣһֱ޷˵ԼЩ
ģȤſڣʱɫѺڣΧûԼͬѧϳû
ΪϴҲϹһΣǺİܳʱ˼
ŸҽҪĶ˵ϰǸϸŮǰôƯ
ĹЦҡҡͷѶһһóѡȤڿ
˿ֻֿ࣬ϰ˵һúڴӴúˣ
廹ۿۣ1498Ԫ찡һµˣ
Լеû취ˢ꿨֮󣬸Ͻ뿪ɫζĵط

ֿûȥϰˣϽᣬԼĵԣڰ
ˡūֻѯڲ鵽һĴ˵ƹ˼
ŮɫʹħΪԼĸϲãħ˼䷢չ
еŮɫϵ֮ū۹ϵҲS ϵǣ
ʹԣ˼10ūֻֻʵ飬Чã
ʵƻ10ūֻÿһԷūϵҲõһū
ֻˣԽūݵֻƶĳһˣԼ
ֻūݵ˾ͻͨūֻĿƽ˵һ
ȻݵҪS ԣūݵҪM Уū
ֻħԲŻáūݵҪͱ롭

ҪĵطȻֿôҲҲģǱ
ɾˡˣԼΨһܺߣ9 ܺߺһˣ
Ҳ֪ԼǱ˿˱ѡūͬʱҲòϣ
ȷӵνM ԡôҵ⵽ͬ˵ˣΪҲͨ
ǵ˭֪Լū˵ô֪˭ôȱ°Լѡ
ΪūҪȥǸ˷Լ

Ҫĺܶ࣬ȴͷ֪￪ʼֿοǣ
ԼеõѵĻᣬһҪԼɶŬΪҲôһ
ˣ׷Ը˵İŪ

뿴ţͻȻû˼ֿһ֪
Լҵ˼ˡſ־ε飬Ĵֻ
ȷϼ

2

Ȥºڿ㣬е˿̵࣬ȹӣҪһ㣬
ңغͣһŽİ
ȥϰҡʮʱ硣

ǰɣԼô޵Ĵȥϰ廹ҪǸ
ⲻҪΪԼ𡣵ƺԼûѡֻֿ֪հ죬ֻ
ϣūֻ˱̫Լ̫ѿ

Ȼ˵ԼԸеȤڿʱԥˣ
ƯԼɴûдôԸеڿ㣬һǱԼ
ѷ֣ǸôͰرһ˫Ըеĺɫ˿࣬ȥˣ
ԼҪȹǲǸԼжɧԼͬѧײ
ҲǰٿĪ簡ɺ޵ǣԼȥϰң˾֮·˽
֪ʱƺúܿ죬ԥһȥ3 ӣû취ˣֿ
Щ߽䡣

ȥϰҵϣȻ׼ֿǺѽ̫ƵĻͷʺ
þûƿĿ⣬һ˫˫ȹµĵ˿ȵĿһѰѼ
һʹ顣ٿԼĴ磬ɫ˿ʳһװ
ɫʯȹȹԼԺһֱҴȹӣȴ
ȸˡȹһ˫У԰ָĺɫ˿࣬
˫ȣ˿ϣһ˫7 ׸ߵİɫ¶ֺ߸Ь벻ǣ
ԼȹµڿԼеһңؾԼ
İԼҲ֪ʲôʱᱻ򿪣ֿе̼
Ĵ̼ȴ޷ƾϵĴ̼Ϊ뵽Լڴͥ
֮£ȫУʦƤ£ԼȻֿʱԾ
ӿ˽Ų

ˣֿ֣ԼʦڳԼķƽʱѾ
ԼɫˣԼˡֿתʱ
Լв뷨ʦԼѾˣΪʦѾˣ
¶˫Ϥɫ

ʦãֿòǰʦʺá

ţǿô촩ôƯʦ˵۾ĿϾ
ĿֿԸջ˿ȡ

ûʦˣߡʦ˵죬
Ϊϼơ

ôˣѽżԼѽʦʵ

ǵģȥϰҿءֿεĻش

ôƯȥأǲʦʵ⻰
˼ڵϷֿ촩ô֦չڹ

ûʦæˡֿ˵һ죬ֻ
ӲͷƤ뿪ʦĳŪͷҲصĿ첽ϰҡ

˫գϰҵ˲࣬ȼڿǰλ
Ŀ顣ֿӺŽȥ˿ǽĽλͳ
׼Ӣϰϣǵģ㣬ΨһźǴѧ
ҵǰûа

뿴ţͻȻĴ̶ֿһͬʱҲ
ϰͬѧĿ⣬ֿ˼ǵ˵ͷԼȴ
޷ƽģΪ֪ԼĶҪʼˡȰֻ𶯣Ŵ
˶š

ܺãڸһ񣬴ңأλΪ1 
£ʮҪһգҪ֤ȷһϡ
30ʼʱûôϲ㣬ܵһ


ʲô￪һҪĴ̼һӢ
գⲻǹϷŪԼ𣿵ǣԼܾܾ30Ӧùȥˣ
ʱˣʵԼҪľֻÿһָֿ
û취ûѡץʱңΪһ

ֿĴ̼гҿڸ
ϰҿԼ²ڻܴ󡣵Ľϰͬѧ
ֺͷŭĿ⡣ֿϽססͣ
Ĵ̼С

ʱһһĹȥֿƺڱ̼Ŀ
԰Σ뱣ǣԼһ̼Լͻ᲻֪
У͵͵ϲִ̼СֿϾǸԵˣ
ڻԼŬȥԼյΪʱ䲻ˣ
ûʱȥһСȻԼԼ֪ԼǺϲĸо
ܳϣΪƽʱܽܵģҲߣҲǲм
ʲôԭܽԼϲĸоڲܡ

ûзӽӴĵط
𶯻ӵײҿûˣǰŵͬѧӦ
Ҳ㹻ֿµģֻܽƨƳȥǲ
Ųӣֻ֮һƨ֧Լϡ
Լڵƺˣֻ˿ΪĴ̼£
ֻ˿򿪣һֻ˿źԾ뿪߸Ь̧
˿ϵ7 ׵ĸ߸Ь֧ڵ̶ȣȹƨŲ
ԵʣѾ޷ڸĴ⣬ɫȤڿ֣˵
һûҪҪԸ˵һĻŪѪ

֪˶ãԼѾ㺹죬ǸҪǣԼƺ
ŪʪģԽԽУ̼ԽԽԼ·ҪܲҪ
֭ˡҲܲסƣòһЩ͵Լ
סǰһξ룬ӦǻǾ˻ͷ


ʲô˼ȥ⣬ʱ䱻һֵַ˷ѵͻȻӭֻ𶯣
֪ˣӦʱ䵽ˣԼûҪԵӦ
ͷֻϣγͷҪʲôԼ޷ܵģϾѾŬȥ
ˡӦûʲôͷأ΢΢ִֻȷϼ
ĺͽҵ˶š

3

Ȼ3 ٳϵ档
Ϣֿû˿ԥΪʱĽԡϽϵ
ãõңأһߡû˿
׼ﾭܵȻǿ˼Ĵ̼岻Ťͬʱ
鲻ԽһһкŻԼǰſ
ļλͬѧע˹Ҷɻҷŭÿ

ʱֵֿ޲ҵһȥôҲû뵽
Ȼô״̬վͬѧǰһĽôȻҶ
һͷˮֿʱѾˡϽǿ
̼װûһĿ첽뿪˽ҡʱΪ߸ЬԵŤ
ˤҿԱߵǽڰһ٣ҪȻҪˡ߸Ь
ôȻûˡֻһ뷨Ͽ뿪


ﵽٳҪߴ1500׵·̡Ҫ3 ڵҪ
òܲȥؼ˫7 ׸ߵĸ߸Ьƽʱ·ҪСĽġ
ôߵĸ߸Ьͬѧ󶪾˵Ҫʱ̵Ť
ˤڵصĳ󳡾ЩЩ㣬Ҫǣ
ھҵҵĸЧʵĹţ񾭶ܵ˼Ĵ̼ȫ
ò̫Ҵʱ屻Ĵ̼Ѿൽܵļޣ
ʱ־߳ջС

һδκͬѧǲֿ֪ڴðա
ҲŸ߸Ьô֪һС·ʡ֮һ
·̣Сܶࡣ֪·Ե谭Ҳòȥ

Ϊ·ǰ͹ƽСɳ·ϣһ㲻ͬѧȥ
·Ϊû·ߡǽҪ·ˣûѡ

ʱѾĹйȥ1 ӣֿŸС·ʼ·ڡ

ʶʱԲˣô죬ٴܵʲôĳͷˡ
ֻ𶯰һ֪Ҫʲôָʾˡ

㲻ڿѡһĽ
˫ȥӮ10ӵʱ䣡

ţֿʱеᡣǸѡûѡ
Լ˿˫ŴϽ֪ͣԼᱻŪøҡ

ûˣҲϣ⼸֮ҲҪ˾Ӱó˽
ͣԼ˿˫ŸȥСĵİԿ׷Ž˰

ŲԶĵƹ΢΢¹⣬ֿ˫Žͣʼѵ
ӶƽɳС·ϣŲٳȥ޵׵Ԩ
ĺһ£˵ϣʱһֱڴݲ
ͣúϢɲҰ֪߳
˭󣬾Ūһ

ȵ˿ˤ͵̫̱ҲǵԼ˶ٴ
Сʱ׼߳С·ʱȻƲסˣ
ĳ˽ĵһθ߳Ӧҽ
ûκˡ

ҹɫյ䵶ֿŷ𿴵һųЦЦǰ
ȻҰôûһ˿׼ľ˸߳ƾƽʱԼٺεȵʸ߹
ҲǺʹЩŮһ벻ľơ̾
ȡ֪Լûȥ⣬Ҳû
ľĶ硣ǣ𼸺ѵ壬ߵ
̫߳಻ûС·ƹǰС֣ϸ¾ǲٳˡ

·ƽʱʱٳɢ˺ܶܶࡣ˿
˫ϵĽԵҪߵ£ذʱ
ֻٴһΣָʲôָأ

ΪҹܸõĽϷڿ԰ȵһΪ
˳ͨȺǰʯ׼һЩȥó
ɡУΪղŵĸ֣߳Ѿùʱ䡣ԣ
ĳͷϷʵЩ롣

Ϣֿһݻϲһݳϲڿֻܵһ
΢̼ʵϢϢǣϢ˵ˣĳͷҪе
ҹԼֵ˻ʲôıңңĳ
ҪѶȣһʹ಻

ֿ֮ʯһʯȷʵһɫӣ
֪װʲôô࣬ƣϽʯϢһ£
˴һʲôܰ˳ͨȺԭһ
ȹԽ˫Ÿǵŵ״ǰųȹĻһܼӲܳ
صʱֻּʱϵĽͽ⿪⸱
˫ϣȹӣϣ˳ִĿĵأʱ15ӡ

찡ֿ⸱мֻȥˣ
ֻţһС鲽·ˣ޲Ϸɵյ㣬Ȼ
˫Ŵ⸱ݲԡµǣ⸱Կ׸
˼˵˿˫⸱ûеõԿףô
˫žҪһֱ⸱ʲôʱ򣿶⸱һԾ
ܻʲô죬ɲƽʱ

ˣڲҲˣҪԼ˷ʱ䣬Էҵ
ӳͷϽǸ߽ͷŽԼֽſ£
ȥ׼ʱԥһ£ǻǱ۾ȥˣ
졣ֿ֪Լ˫Ѿʧȥɡ⸱أ
ڽϣһ̾ѹڽһ10ءֿ
Լ˿˫ţͻȻһкͿУǺܿԼ
԰뷨ȥˡɫȹվΪ7 
ĸ߸ЬȹڸպܰѽŵĲָסˡ˵һ֮ͺˣ
⸱ʹԶԶΪ⸱̫̣ÿһ
ֻ߳һС鲽̫̫ˣѹڽϲϴʹ
Ĺͷò½ϥǣͼʹ࣬άƽ⡣

˫ĥ˲ٳڴͬʱҲ
ΪҪ߽ٳ֮ǰþʮݡȻ˵ƽʱҲС
ˣڲһΪ˿˫ϣһص
Ͻݵĸ߶ȡ

ֿվڽǰεҡҡͷû취ҪĴ
ͻȻΪԳûע⣬˫ֲŽԵˣ˫
ͬʱһҲ֪˶೤Ĺ۲͵ȴһδεĽţ
˳˲ٳϡʼС鲽ǰСͬʱ֣
ĽȽţȻ΢һ𶯣ҲֳȵĴ
УȻͻȻָоڳϣԭ˵ɧԭ
˵ϲһĸ߳

4

ǰ΢·ҫµߵͬѧӺûעڸ
˵Ǹû֪ͽϵܣĵʵֻԼ
ѡͻȻԼĹǶˡǣ񾭵ȷʵڵġ

Ҫʱ˸߳ʲôֵΪǸǲ
ġ

֪Ҫץʱ䡣ǣ˼޳Ĳװµ
ٳλáô΢·⣬ȷʵǶðṩ˰
˫״Ϊһ·һֱ⸱̾߰ݲţӦ
಻ÿһһʹ˫šҪ
˫У˫źúϢһ¡ڣѡȨ
ûС

ֿû뵽ǡǡʱȻطʱӭ
ӨǽȻҲɢֿķ
ƺû뾽ô죬
ô졣ֿżĺγˡ˫ŵʹĶԿ
ȵƣٵԱȥڷĶ뷢Ρһ
еŬͽ͵ģջ΢

ҮôҲﰡ

ŶֿŮȻҲȻɢ


˻Ȼֿ֪ĴƽʱһֿЦ˵
ֿʱʧ룬֪ԣֱðɫΣ
֪ôش𡣵ʱԼŵǣ徹
¸ӵһǰδеĿϮмܲ
ס

ôˣô˵

ǰǲʲôǰѵ˭˭Լģһ
ôƯһȹ

Ө˵껰ϰԵֳȹӣһºѵȹӡ

ѽҡҡеֿ˵
ֹӨ֣һ߻һڽԵʣӦһС
Ϊ̫ˤҿϰߡ⸱

ʲô°ҮŮ񻹴˿࣬˼ҿأȻҷ
ɧ˸ﻹӨֿЦȴֿ֪һ
鶼ûУȴһֿܶ¶ֺĸ߸Ь
ϵ˿໹ǱϸĵӨˡͬʱҲֿһΪ
һᱻְɡֿϽͷ¿߿߳ȹӣ
ȹڶס˫š

ôˣصģǴ˿㿴Ҳ촩ʲ
ô˼ֿԹľٶΪֿߵԵʣ
Ц

ǵİɣһأˡֿ
㿪ǣҶһ¶ˡֻϣ


ô߰ǻˣҪ˭Լ᣿

ӨƤ˵ֿŪò֪ˣֻܸżΪ
̶̵ĶԻʱﾹȻ֮ǰУ̫ĿѾ
ۣȴű

ѽˣҽ鲻ãҪˣǸøȥ
û취ˣ뿪һζԼĺ˵

߻𣿲ҪӨ
Ͻ뿪ˡ

ԶȥıӰֿڷһֱ񾭣
ˣѾˣҪٴֿ߳ٵԱߵһô
Ųȥļ٣ΪǧܹȻĵ·߳

£߶һˣ㵽£ס
御ͷųĿСľҺ糱ˮһ
˳֮ǰĸ߳Ūʪڿ˿࣬ڸˮַġʱ
ֻ𶯰һֲ֪ʲôָ־Ĵֻ
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Ϣֿõǰδеͷţ۾ǵõ˰ο
һķԼǵģ췢һһУƣ
Ϣһֽ͡

֪˯˶ãֿʱ򣬷ֲٳϳԼѾû
ˡľȻеһ˿ϲʱֻ
ƽĴֻѵϵ·ȹӣֻɱڿ˿߸Ȼ
ٶȵٳ档ֻʲ
ôôߡ

ֿ˿Χʱ·һأٳһƬڣһ˶ûСȻ
ˣǾָЩ֣֪ҪѧʵԹ
ǣѵȹӣ·ȻѶŽ֮󣬿ʼ
վԥ˺ܾã˽Ų˳ȥڲٳϣ
档

ϵĲٳе磬ее쬡ŷɫ֣
崩ŷɫڿ㣬ȷе˵滹һźɫ˿࣬
7 ׵ĸ߸ЬǸǳѿ˿ϵ
ƵС鲽¹У԰Ĳٳϣ龰Լ
ԼǶôˡ˭뵽ôһŮ񼶱ŮȻҲ
ΪţֿԼĶԨ޿κΣ
鵽Ǹ˵ǲģԼıūֻô
ħƣػ֮չȥԼʲôȴ
Լδʲô̫ˣԵ˼һƬҡͷϵ
£գΪʲôѡΪϷŪĳǷŭ
Σ

ڣһϣ档ֻҲ˳Ƶ
㽫ҪһҽȵϷǰʧܣ
εϷѾѶȡĲݴһɫ
˽㼴ҪõĵߡȣҪðӰԼ˿˫Ŵӽ
׵ȳʰζˣְ֪֪󷨵ġסҪˣ
ᡣţɰԿϻӡ
ΪһԿסʲôԿ׸ʲôú˵ȻԼ
ϰĿӰԼɹ׸סס
ҪȻϵĸ߸Ьɰ˫߸Ь˫Ь
ңŶվ˴˫֣ðԼ
ϡνԿϻӣ˵иӦģҪõҪ
Żᱻ򿪣óԿףõҪĴ̼
γǵG 㣬ԿǽϷĹؼͬʱ
ϺͽϵõɻȥϢסԿ׽һѡҪ10
֮ЩϷʼ׼衣

5

ϢֿһͷˮһεĳܵģȻҪ
ΣԼģôģöʣ֪
ʱݲƬ̣ҵ˰óӣЩ
ܲһﲻһһʱ˵ʼԼĽ״Ҳ
⸱λôʼΪòϣϲ
ӽĸоֻƽʱûڣܺúһ
оͬʱҲΪҵָֻ˫˫ȣžǰ
ˣ˿㣬ǽϹɵģĺһ
һóһӸԼϰϹ׸
λãָΣסڣ׸
һô˫쳣ͦΡžǿģ
ԼˮǶôˡž͵߸Ьˣһ˫
20׸߸ϸЬ˫߸Ьǳľ£ر𣬵û
ʱȥоץʱѸٻˡ

ִ̫٣ֿһ⣬Լ˫Ŷˣ
ҪԼڵĵطֻŰǸε
˫ֳŵȥҪ5 ݡհԼ˫վãɴ̼
ͬʱϮ첻һҲȻһ֭
ɴֱ̼ЬͻȻ΢Ĵ̼ݲĴ̼

ѹ˵˫߸Ьأԭ˫߸ЬЬһӵأȻ
ܲ˵ʵһΰķֿڻѣ
ϽԼ˫ֱ˺棬˫ں棬Ϸʼг

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еģټϺ𶯴̼ܵĿ˼һ
̼Ľţɲ̫ܳΣ˼κ֣
ԭֻҪǸ߸Ь˫ЬͬʱӵؾͿԱϾǰѧĲ
Ǻܿ췢ֵġ˫űһ𣬴20׸
ĸ߸ÿ̧һνŶѣֲ˶Ҫȥ̼һ£
ݸӦ޹ɵĵĴݲŴĿУֿ
3 Ӿ˵һθ߳ˮҲʱʼϵ˳
ĿֿѾмܣôȥԳĿУһһ
Ρ

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ΪһȫʦһͶҪٳ
λã졣찡һԼܰԼ⿪ԼҪ
ƳȫУʦǰһ谡У
ôˣھҪ뿪طҪ⿪ϵӡûԿ
򲻿򲻿ֻһ϶Ҫϡô죬
ô죬ԿҪôõ֣ˣͻȻ뵽һص⣬˫ֱ
ں棬ڵĿô
ʱԼG ҪòҲһòԿס

Ϸһ޷ƽ塣ôɵ
İԼޱӡòƵȴĵ
ɣ

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̼ú飬ѾԭȸտʼĿˣӦʼʹ
˫Ÿǽƣˡ

ԴУʼŬԼ侲úѸİ취
뵽˰취Ȼ׸ӿסڣǾ취ѹ׸⿪
Լ֮ǰࡣǽһĻʼ
ΪԭеѾˣҲ˵ϵĹ׸
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ջ֤һ㣬Ҳ˵ϵĹ׸ûᣬû취⿪

־ٱˣѵҪݽ޷ˡ
찡һ뵽ԼӳڴǰԼһͷײˡʹ
ں˫֣ƹˣԼƨôŤô̸ߣ
Լ˫ôҲλáΪҪƨɶòԼ˿
˫ų߸Ьĵ̼ţ˫ű̼ĸ߳Ȼ
ƵʣҲʱߵͬʱƵʴ̼ƨ
ӭ˵θ߳һΣӭĵһγ֭񻵵
ˮͷһӿ˳ڿʪ͸ˣ˿Ҳʪһ룬Ҳ
˺öˮ

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˿˹˵ϣͬʱҲֹͣ˿ϺĹʼ
Ϣ׶ΡһΣ˯ŵģϢ֮ʼôԼ

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ô򵥵ľѸģ˵Լпҵ취ģֻԼ̫
ʱ벻

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ڶεG 㵽ǣ˫Žŵ̼
ƵҲıԽԽ졣һûע⣬ԼȻѾǳֳܵ
һ״̬ˡ첻ˣܿӭ˵ڶΣεĳҲ
͸֧Ĵۡøղŵİ취ָɹԼķ
ֵ̫ˣټῨýóǣ
ִݲԼ壬Լٴӭ˸߳û
ˣһ˳ǣһΣԼִˣΪ
˳֮˵ϣȻ˺Զ̨ףٴε
ɤۡ

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ǴЬ϶㣬ЬѵŲ˫ȥôҲ
Ѿ170 ߵĳŮˣܹˣû취ֻ
ܾ˫ִܵƾ˫ţڣγɹˣ㹻ˣ
ҪСĺСģҪýֺл˿˫ȻѾû
ʲô֪ˣﻹ˽ֺֻܳ԰ߣҪǳ
СģСģڣһγɹˣı˻ᵽ˫
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ֿѸٵһ£Ťһ£Ȼˡ
һԿףԿףֿ֪ҪˡԿף
˴ڱ׼Լ⿪ӵʱ֣
ЩӵᾹȻͬʱʧˣ찡ЩʲôӰûع
һƹڸζٴһˣ

6

ʱˣ˭ű߱½ݣµС̨档

ڿǼȫ㰡ϻЩⲻţô
ӣ˿˻ˣƬв֮ģԼԺ
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һǰ滹һɶЩаĵ߰Ҫ
˵֮ǰѶպãһСѣԲ

ѡõطˣϽ˫ֿ˹ȥŽ
ϽССպãʮУͲĵƹȻɨߣ
ֿ濴ˣԭǱѲߡµ̨ϴ
Ƭ̣ӵϼʲôŵͲɨһԴɻת˵
ֿ̨֪ϻˮ뵽ٴξ


Զȥıֿģ˲ݵϣúõϢϢ
ǵģĺۺۡǣﴫ˾Υָֻ
ˣֵֻúܺãҪǽһɫ
򿪣һҾ͸⿪ӵ
ںţûпںţ˭ⲻҲûáģұ֤
ѵϢʱ䡣ֻǱõġЩϵӦö⿪
ˣԻȥϢˡ

ѹֿ֣һʼ;Ӻܲһԭô
Ϣˣ˿ԥ˽ȥǻ
ճһԼʱò϶ʲôö

ǵģֻúϢֻˣֿ
Ͻ򿪣ںǣ******. ѶպãǱ߻Լİ
ϲԺúϢˣ

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Ѹٰ˹ȥ˰ʲôҲûţʵֻ
ǲϣԿױղǸˣ϶Կ׵ˮУͲյ
ˮķñԿףҪôԿСûעġ

ͻȻıʿֿĴ羪ֻˣ
ԼȥҰԼԿˣڴôҲԿ
˵˵ɡôҲûã취Ϣɡ

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Ҫܽϵĥ˭ֶͻȻ֣
ϽͶΪһݳˡٽͻжûôֿĿ
ǰôġ

ֿѵߵԼĵطһݶóԼİ
Υ·ȹӣһΣܾ˴ǰ汻ʩĳȹһϵ
ֿɡһľҲһ·ϵĵΪ˿ϵ
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аߵİԼ¥¡һΣ˿˫
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ôʱԵǺΣյġ

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˯ѣֿĵĿ˽ȥѰغ֮Լϴһ裬
˵裬ϴˮۻ࣬ϴĿʼ
ĳڿе򡣵ǣ֪ϴʼǣ
ϴ裬⸱ҲĥΪڿôû취
ôȥаڿ㣬Բͨ˫š

ϴֿ֮˫Ŵ⸱صĽ̺ӸǺ˫ţ
̫ʣ롣ֿ֪ȴֻôġ



                              

·Ÿո˯£ֿѧУȫʦ
ҪμӵʽڽϵװΣ϶ȥ˵ģ
ĿֻһǽӨȥȡһߵԿף
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ԿףӦǵġûõԿף˫һֱôţ
ۣҲܰȻ˯µġӨ׷飬ֿ
̬ȣӨĻȥϴ֮ͺһȥˡ
ѶȥˣֿСĵĴ̺ӣ˿˫ϵ
ŰѽŴӲȻвͨǿ˫ֵģ
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׿ͻƿ취϶ȥݵġŬ˺ܾã
һԵ÷ǳǿֻܰϣԿˡ

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Ҳ֪˶ãӨˣֿô
ӨʱĪôһѼԿôţǰѽ
ֿ˵ûʲôԿף˵ٵȵȼ쿴

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ǿԼס˫ţ˵˵Լ˵ľǺ˵
Լͷֻ̨ūˣ

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ԼͰغžϿȥˡ

ô죬ô죬ֿҪˣԼ걥ĥ˫
ţ˿⸱ޱȼ̵̾ߣϣһθжð֪
ʵʵڷʵֻͻȻûԤ׵ٴ찡ʱ
ʲôɣĵĴֻһϢһϢϢ
ϵԿѰҵϢΪ˳ͷĴĴ⣬Կ
ѾλѾõǿϡôõ֣Լˡ
ᣬ¥ģ¥ᡣҪץʱȥ֮ǰȥ


ϢֿһֻϲһֳϲԼ˫Ż
ĻỹеģλǿͬѧԼ꣬ҿ˵һ̬
꾡취͵ع¶գǸɫǣȫУɫǡ
ͷʵʲôѿҪԼĵȥԿףܱ
ԼʲôķĶ̫ĹҲͽͣȥ

ͻȻֻٴʲôָƵĴǣ
ɫİɫУҪϵµĵۣҲ˵Ҫ
鹵¶һ˫űҪϰɫֱͲ࣬Ӱ
ȥУҪ˫׵ģ׸ߵķɫϡȹӵȻҪ
ȹԼ⡣ˣץʱ䣬Ҫȥ˳ȥ
ǷѾȴͽ޹ˡ

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ȫУ֪˿񱰡ָֻһһԼװԼѡ
ɫĳȹҲܸǵ˫ŵĳȹ·ǿ۵˵ڶΪҪ
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ϣ·Լ׻Ť˫ˤڵأ˵ڣ
˿˫ϻһѾĥ

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⸱Ǽô˵飬뵽ֻ
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ϣܲѡڵϰ̧ŽŲ߳Ტš˿
¥ģᣬǿȻϰԵ۾͵һΣ
ֿһȻǿգʡһ˫ܵĥ


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ȥ˷ܵö۾ֿɱȥ

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Ըǿİ취ѧУɣΪڵᶼܿţŮ
֮ҲзѧУŮǲԱͨеġ

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ᡣֿһֵǣǿᾹȻһ仰˵
һֱ˫ſֿ֪Լϲ˿࣬˷ǳջ
ķɫϣ˿Ŵ˫ϣ۸ҲûҪ
ôŰɣ

⣬ֿ˳Ƶͷ˿Լ˿˫ŴԼϥ
Եʣԭס˫ŵȹѾ˺ö࣬ð˫ȫ
¶˿˫ŵˡֿѸվٴ
ȹڰ˫ŸסˣǣʱѾ࣬ǳΣʱԶԡ

˶Գ˰졣



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˰죬ֻֿ˵⻰͡

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ֿˣǿȻԹͣ˼һֱš

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ֿ̫ڽţͻȻ־Ȼ˵ͼ󣬸ǿǰԿ
Ǵ򿪽Կס

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͸ɴ̯ơ⻰û˵ͱǿˡ

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Ҫúˡǿ˵꣬Ц

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ɡ

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ţŮҴˣŹҰɣֻҪŹңҾͻȥԿ
㡣

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ᣬǿͻȻĳ˹ֿ˫Ȱ̧ŰƷ
ȥǿҲᣬʹϽ̵õ塣

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飬ɲѻΪʲôͻȻƻֻūֻ
Ķŵֵֻʱ򻹻˭Ϣֻ
ʾİ룬ȴʮ𾪣Ҳ˵Ǿţֿ
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ͰԿ׻㣬ӴѡȻҲԾܾҾ
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ϲֿܻûж룬ֻŽŰץʱ
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ϲԼ˿˫šҪȥˣȥ

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Կ׶ˣǿǹΪû취ʧȥԿס

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ֿû취ֻû֮ƣҲı̬ûҪԶ
š

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ᣬ㲻ңֿش

ãңȥ㡣ǿ˵꣬һһ¥ܵ¥
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Ǿ˵ãȻԿ׸Լ򿪾ͺá

ֿ˫֣ڴǿǰѿ˫ػɵԿ׽


9

ǿĽԿȥ׼ֿϵʱͻȻ˻
˵һǵӦ鲻㻰ɣһϷܲõ
ԿףȨϣҲˡǿЦ˵

ʲôϷֿڶϷС

ȣصȥãҾͽȥ㣬԰Ľ
ϷžͰ˵Ĳ裬ԼȷϺ֮ҪԿ
⣬Ȼ뿪ֻҪܽ⿪ҷѾþòƺõõԿף
ȻƵĲǽⲻİ󷨣ֻҪĴˡô
𣿡

ôңֿȻѿڶԼû˺ءͻȻ
ЩʼԼΪȻϷȤǳ󣬴˲Ǻ
ϷǣȻѳڣͽƾͼưѣǣô֪
Կ׾ô򵥵ķſˣһûҲǰװȡ𣿡

ģҪ˵㻰ԺҲ㣬㾮ˮ
ˮ˵ǿᶨ˵

ǿô϶ֿûа취ˣӦҪȡһˣ
ôѵϷͨˣԲƵϷɣУҪ
ȷƵϷǲлԳɹԾȣҷϷУ
һ;Ҳܹҡ

ұ֤а취ԾȣͿûУӦûУ
ûȥҵĹǿ˵ľȥõߡ

ãҪĵҶСֿǿĵթ˵
֣ô˵˾ǱԼƽʱȻͲЩʱǳΡ
ЩҲİūֻϷʱİеģ
ʲôаĵӦоС

ãڻغŰɡǿƺȲˡ

ֿһ𲽾ͺˣΪǵ˿˫ŵ״С̧
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ʱǿ߳˺Զպᵽſڡǿµתͷ
ʾķŭǳŭȴ޼ƿ裬ڱϾû취
ֻһֻ˿ŵĽżֱӲڵϣһֻʮ׺ߵ
˿·

ֿһȳһյߵſڣһֻЬӴϣ
һɫеǿ󣬷ŭ߽ᣬŸˡȴǿϷ
ָʾֿ֪ҪԼҲڴϷ϶ôҲ
ӦǿġǿվڴڴʼһֿϷĲ裺ˣ
Ȱеĵ߶ϣȻҲȥӰԼ˫Ž
X ΰôᣬһӰѽϥǳ8 ΰô
ᡣһӣ8 ΰ˫Ҳôᡣ

ֿĴȹӿʼ󣬲ûעԼ˿ǿ
ˬҲԼʼˡһߣֿһ
˵ˣ͵˴ȹӺ˿˫ŵ֮ǿϲ
ļ˵´˫ɫĸ߸ЬȻڵһ
һֻ˿ãٰһ㴲βϡ
ԿҪţһϸ̵Ӱһ
Կװĸ߸ЬЬϣٰ˫ںͿˡ

ǿĻֿһһִţʱҲĵȻȵİ󷨣
˵Ϸ費͵ЦƺþõϷˣ
ûҩҽȻѸ߸Ь˦ͿõԿˡȻ
һεֿõԼķΪǸ߰̾
ûԿ׵ġ

ܿ죬ֿ֮ǰĲ֮󣬺ԥľͰ˫˺˵
ˣ԰Կ׷ſ뿪ˣ

֪˵ףĿġǿεĿѾﵽΪ
ֿע⣬͵͵˼ƬЩ˵ƬͿ
ˣʵǿҪʵһС
޴־ı̬Сˡ

ǿˣֿ֪һ鷳
ǿƸϷɵģһԼ˿ûв
һݽ


10

ǿľԿ׷ſˣֿ˵Ͻҽȣ
˦ţðЬӸ˦ðЬԿ׵һ˦
ֻڴϵ˿̴˾ҵʹʹֱᣬΪ
ǵռ䣬ͲʲôĶٴ˴δ

ϵʹһֿ֮ʹץʱ䣬һֻȥ䣬
Ѹ߸ЬӽŸֻ֣ŸһΪǽ
ġʼգôˣ˦òЬӾ
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߸ЬѾһɫӯŮʽͣ˫ֱһ
ǰ档崫΢Ĵ̼иԼĹţ
λܵͣƺڸԼʻһλԵ˾ī
ȻԿٺܶǸ˧УףȽϳʵ
оζֿĵиԼһֱٿԼǸū
ֻˡſ˵ֲԼժ

ܺãҽһ£ҽϹˡϹѺ
˵

⻰ԼͻȻһԼԱߣԼôֿ
ͻȻúܽţ֪˷ܣǺ¡صĵ˵ͷʾס

ֿ濴ȥŮӶ廨˫ְ
ҲʮӴӴȴ˽ףƺ󷨺ܽÿһ
һ˵˫ŲˣϱŸ߸ЬŽֿ֪ͣ
ԼĽһ˽Ҳǳ˱Ӱ֮⣬һ
Ҳ˴磬ǴŰɫ͸¶ȹ涼Ǻɫڿ㣬
һ˽ϴźɫ˿࣬һ򴩵ǰɫ˿ࡣУ۾úڲ
ﶼſϵſˮ˶ڼţֿ
ʼ֣ϸһɫڿͻĲ϶Ķ
ˡ

ɫ˿ǸΤƷƣɫ˿Ǹ쵤ħ
Ů֣ÿһݳҪܶ๤ԱԼ١Ǹ
һԱڹ涨ĵȻǻڣڽ⸿ʧ
ǾǸԱūɹЩԱҪ߶ֽ֮⣬
Ҫ̨Űܶ๤ԱǴðǴδʧ֡

һѾһԱܺߣûˣҶ
š

ֿţŹԱͣ̽ŵصͷʾ
ˡ

ҪūһҸһݳ
Э̨µ˰ǰңʱִҸֻ

𣿡

ֿһصĵͷʾ⣬Ȼҡͷֽϵ
ͣʾǷܽ⿪

ūϣÿŮҪ̾ߴѾˣҪ
ʱᱻĳԱȥĥŰ㱻ȴ̾ߡ˰ɣ

ֿεĵ˵ͷ;УϹϸ˵˽Ҫÿһϸڡ

֪˶ą̃ĻϹʾֿ³Ǵ
ȥʼݡ

ˣժ¿ʹ³ɡ

ֿժ˿Բֹջû˵Ϲ
ԼһŮķ˳Ϲųʧ


ΤƷƺ쵤³ſڵϣĴ̼͸ֿ߳
ӰóƤޣֱĳϡʹŹԹǰ
šΪ˵˫ŻǱŵģԳߣǱһ
̴̨̨Ľкֿ˱޴̨
󣬽ӹ˹ԱĻͲҺãҽǷƷƹ͵Ů
ⳡݣһΣǧѷ̨ͬݳϣ
Ŀġո̨±㴫ҵû˻ע⣬ΤƷ
쵤ϵʹ顣

Ļ˵ˣֱ⣬һϷģ߿
̨Լѡ񣬵ȻݿʼǰҲ֪ͨңһεĵ߿
Լ̨Уӵʱ䣬ʱλŮģ
ǰ˵˫廹Ǳ壬㶼취ȥƴݲѴﵽӰŮ
⸿Ѷȡ֮ǣӵĽ⸿֮䣬֮ڣλŮûн⿪
ϵôϲ㣬λŮǳūΪ˱ʾĸ
лһεʧֻ֧ԭĶĽ𣬲ñĥȻÿֻΰһ
λŮߵλ̨

˵꣬ԽԽԵ˲򣬣򣬣е
ˣ򣬻һλˣߵλ˵һεĳԻᡣ

ֻ˸һĵ̨߳ʼǣӵ




쵤ԭȵ£·Ҳ
ȻţƤƹ°ʮںٰ˫
ᡣһ㣬ӴʱԭȵǸ
һ𣬽Žӵƹ˫Ϊ֧󣬰ӵͷϵ
ϣĴţΪ
ߣԼᱻޣ˫Ѿغĵ֧ŵ
ϣһսӵļ߸Ǳʹкʹ̼м
ӡ⻹û꣬ϣһص룬
ҵʹд̼˫飬񾭸Сţ˫
ֺ˫Ż˺صﲿĳ˹ͷ
ϡ˿ϵ͸Ҫˣ׵ĹͷͱȽϴһ
Ĺͷϣ˿׶ĵʹưͳԻ
п˵ҪƽʱûбôݲУҲû취⿪⸱
⸱Ŷ쾹Ȼˡ

ٿΤƷƣͬҲԭߵ£˿˫ű
ЬֻҪźһѹЬӣ˾ͻᱻ岻ļ߱
Ȼ崦һĵ綯Ħ滹˼С
ͬʱȻһ̶֧ܣΪ֧ã
֧ŵǼϵһתļߣȻߺҲ
塣ΤƷѡҪ֧űҪ֧űݲС
Ը߹˷ƷƹΪ屻ݲеͬʱҲϵţ
ڽ⸿ʱûʼ֮ǰһֱǴڰ״̬ͬƷƹ˫Ҳ
ص룬߶ȴ̼񾭡

ֿһԹۿţеգҿ̨ϵŮԼҪԼ
ֲѾٴˡŮǲһûеû
ˣΤƷڽ⸿ڻûе¾ضȻԲˡ쵤
ӵĽ⸿ʱȫһܶ״̬ĬĬʱĽ

ΤƷƺ쵤˳ĳΪλαūֿΤƷƽ⿪
һָɫúɫϰһ
ͬһɫӸһֿ㣬˫
һӵĺɫ˫ŻϺɫ˿˫ϸ
һɫĴֵָͽֿ͡ΤƷƵĶˣ
װɫ棬ǣûܽ⿪ԼȻң
ؽ쵤Ҳͬ̾װΣֻ쵤ɫģ
֮ߡ

λмαһõңؾʹ򿪵ˣȻֻһȴַƷƹ쵤
Ǳܴݲ֮ܿٽ˱ԵԭƵʼߣ
߱ͷŵĹЧνǾá

λŮһǣˣֿﲻеһᣬ
֪ǻʲôԴء룬ӦġͻȻū
ֻͻȻû׵𣺡Ϊ˽⼸ı֣Եõļ
Ϣʱ䣬ĳѾ㿪ͣãͽ͵Կף
Ҳþô뿪ɣҰúˣÿ
ԶСʱ˯Ҳ㲻Ҫū
ݡˣطҪ̫ã뿪ף죡

ֿţһϲܺúõϢˣԼֽҲ
ɻˡūֻҲϢԶػˣֿﾹ
Ȼӹ΢ʧС

űֿڶɵ˷УֽŲϵĻͷ⼸
챻ѹָСֿһ鷳Ҫô뿪
ϵģǣУӵûеʾֻŴ·ǰţϣҵ
һ뿪ĳڡ

ֿһڴڳڵ·ڴװĹԱ
˹ؿ·ȥĳее㲻ͣ
ܼ顣

³顣һԱ

ֻֿϣ³ȥ

ӴǸŮϾȻû̾ߣԱԵúܲ졣

ΪʲôһҪ̾ߣֿʵ

㲻֪𣿡

ū

ūӵϽȨжķƶȣϣŮıҪ
̾ߣҪôҪôͣҪôӰסȵȣûУôŮ
ϲ㣬㴥ǵϵΰˣΥΪΰ涨
ҪܾۣĳͷԱ˵꣬ӱͳһ




ò˫ĥֿһ뵽ԼҪ
ЩԼԩģ֪ʲôƷɡ
ͷȥִܵġ

˾вԱ߼Աһ˹ûֿ㵽ȥ
ԼͱǼְ˽ŵĸƷˣİڵϡ

вߣҵĿǵϵ̾ߡֻԱ
һֿ֮ǰһִؽͣ۵
˿ϡŸֿеֵǣԱһ˫У
׸ߵϸĴĸ߸Ь˿˫ŻϲסȻǺ
˫ֱ˺棬Ȼֿ飬һɫ
ĿֿЩ˸ˣոջһļڣȻôù
Ҫˣ֪ԼҪʲôĥѡ

ֿǴ³ķǼû˼鶹
صıʾŭͿ֮⣬ֿǷŷ֣
˫߸ЬеĻҪߣվڵϣԼȫѹ˽ż
ˣάƽ⣬̵ǻһ˿˫ϣ
ּʹûб˿סԼҲӲȻϾ
Ѿǽ׸

ߣʲôӲԱֿվԸߣȻʹ
һѡֿ첻Ĺˤ˵ϡû˫
űôסʲôףͱסˣ
ЩҲֻתصôˤһӣʹûõ
⣬ֱֿǲ̵ļж˾ţ
֮òװһСԱû취ֻܰ
ߣ˾Ȼ۾Ҳסˡú
ȥֿ飬ԤУҪ⵽ʲôҵ
ˡ

֪˹ãֿͣ˼ȥȻס
ֱժֿǰסĴźͣ
µŮֿͬǣǼϵ̾߶һûбϽͺ
߸ЬΨıȽ⡣ֿЩԼʱĲΪ
Ĵû뵽ǣЩ̾߻ڼԵģʱ
ί

ˣһֱԱѵ롣ҿʼ˵һ±򡣴Ҳ
ò죬ΪʲôбΪūеĹأרųͷ
ЩطɵŮġڱܣҲǻ
ɵΨһ;

ֿͻȻ֣ԭǸ޵׶ҪɣΨһİ취ڱ
ʤҪȥܶܶĴۣԼô᲻
ңȥ

ȣҪǣԱһУλλŮ
ʤߣ뿪ūļãĽʧ
ߣͱͽѾõūΨһļɽ㽫
裬ֱǰٴλñĻᣬҪʤܽѡ
ʤֻһʱΪ죬ʱûֳʤģȫʧܡ

ֿգɽ϶һܴõطҪǱ
ȥⱲӾ͵ûˡ

ÿ˶ȡԼĽŷʽŵķʽ᲻һ
֮ʽʼˣǵǽŮһ
ȻԼڣʤȻиֵ߹ʹã
㲻עÿ䶼ĵߣ⸿ĹߣȵȡҲл
Ҿꡣǻͨع㲥˭ĳһʱö
˶޷ж״̬˾ʤߡڴǰ
ڣλʼѡԼſڡ

˵ԱһλŮץΣֿһûѡ
һ£ǣš

ˣڿʼÿһŵĽ뷽ʽһţʽҪ
סһÿӾӵļߣȻٿסʽ
ǿɵõԿһѣԿܴǱгֵκһ͡
ţʽ˫űʽǿɵõ

׼ԼˣֿͻȻԵúýš

ţʽ˫ֱϸ廨ɹźסӣ
ʽǿԵõǹһѡĺţʽǱһ˫׸ߵ
ϸ߸ЬʽǿɻԻ굯һţʽ˫űͣ
ţ򣬸ʽǿɻøߵԶһţʽ˫
ֱں棬ʽǿɵñͼˣ빤Ա⿪ÿλ
ŮϵͿ͵ָſڴףұ졣




ǣԱλŮͿ⿪ˣ͵Լ鵽
ǰֿȴԼǲƽġΪ˿ϵĽͺ˫
ĸ߸Ьûб⿪ֱӱ͵š

ΪʲôҽϵĶ˶ûеģΪʲô
Уй涨ʽʽԶϣ˵
ˣҲƽֿʾͷŭûĿ飬
涨ʽϸһ廨ĺֹ
Ȼ󽻸һǹͰƽˣŲˡֿ
ʼˡ

ûа취Լù⼸Աֻܽʵˡ
ǰĳԼеǰȻǰ͹ƽɽ·ٿԼ˫
廨ɺֹ˿ã˫ֱϳߵĸ߸Ь͵Ľͣ
ҲǾٲά衣ͱŤˣΣֻܰӶ
Сĵš

ֿ˲۵ͷ󺹣˸طϢͻȻ
Լǰ·ˣŮŰɫɫʯȹϴ
źɫ˿һ˫׸ߵɸЬΪ˿ϱ
·ܲ㣬ҲǶ˫̧˫·ֿеЦ
ƽʱôƯһŮƽʱôʣ˫űô
Ҳǳ̬ˣתϿԡ뵽ԼҲ
ô̬ڼ¼汻˾εҡҡͷ

ͻȻ룲ŮԶĵطҲˣһɫ
ȹϴ˺ɫĵ࣬ϾȻԼһ˫У׸ߵĺ
ɫЬǸողμʲôġȽ㣬Ϊû
ӣڵ߻ûжԿ˺ֱܶ࣬Ůȥ
뵽ֿһѺԼҲһϣ
󣬻Сʱǵ˵ÿʱ㣬Լȫ
׸״̬ˡ

Ůߵúܿ죬ҪʮڰѣŸƷˣֻ֪
õ˼ӣڵĳȥȻҲˣҪ
Լ׼÷ƣվץŵֻ
ŮŮԶŵĵ˿ҿۿʱһ
һĹȥˣƶԣźܲͻȻ뵽һ취ϵӰ
һף벻ÿžסֻŰ
ɹȥ˫űסһ㣬ֻԱ߶㣬һ㣬
鷳ˣΪɽ·ܶ˫űס˲άƽ⣬˾ˤ
һߡųûٰӷɹȥû취㣬ֻܱܵ
ȥƿӣû뵽Ҿͱ׽һ˱ص
Ľˤ˵ϣҲˤ˳ȥᣬŮȥ
û뵽ͻȻļ߳ˣΪͻȻ
յǿҴ̼ų߸Ь˿˫ͻȻȿգҲʧȥƽ
ˤ˵ϣԼҽҲŤˡſ˷Ļᣬȥץ
˵һֱǿҴݲеԵʣʶӦ
࣬ǷԾȥסˣŵ˿˫ţٴΰѣƵڵء
ʱĵˤ˺Զ˾Ϳʼ˽򶷣Ȼ˫űסܵ
ܴӰ죬Ǳ𣱺屻ǿҴ̼ȫ鷢˵
ռơܿ죬űԼӸһ廨˫Ҳ
ʹκͱְһһ
ĴݲСڣŵ˿ҵԿף⿪Լ˿˫
ϵȫɡŻģŻҽ⸿ļ
˫˫һֽŵһ
ûԿ׽⿪žͻᱻ̶ʹΣ޷Ҿꡣ

õԿףֿĲѣҪԼҲõ
ԿףôԼ˿˫ŵĽǾȡˣԼҲô
жˡֿû뵽ǣ￴ű˵ʱ򣬣Ů
ȻϢԱߡڣ˵ֻ˿ϵĸ߸Ь⣬
ʲôûб˵һŮһòܳ
ڵŮ߾ͱֿҪ࣬˵бֿͦ
ε˫飬ͬ۵ƤŮȴԵø
ˡ

ֿûб̫ΪԭϵͶκ˶ûʲ
ôвֻǼ򵥵һһͷ֦ϡһͷȻԼ
һ㡣ô򵥵Ĵǿİ󷨣ֿȻް취
ֻӰԼϣ޷뿪򡣵Ȼֿ
ǹˡֿ˵ǹ˵ҲòϣԼ
˫ֱɺ̶ֹڲ˿ã⿪
㶼Ϊ㹻Լܵģû뵽žȻ֪
һ綯ߣӲԼ壬ðһ
ס˿أԼޱŤţŵ뿪ˡ

ֿʹţ뵽ԼȻôͱƷˣ뵽ԼҪ
ߵĴݲµȴʧܵĵȴԼֽǸʲôֲɫ
Ļɽ뵽ʲôİաĿлûǴ̼
ʶòڳߵĥûа취ķ
Լú



ҲԼ챻ĿŪʱ򣬼˿ûͣ
󣬵ȴֿһԾȵİ취Ǿһݰҧϡ
ֿ֪ԼٶᱻؿᱻﳰЦû
취ˣԼ˲ôˡ

ڣſڵϵֿĴݲУȫʣڰ
ҧϡǣǲ֪ô⿪㣬õһֱĥ
ļߡֿſڵϣĿ˸߳Ľ
ƣĻ˯˹ȥ

֪˶ãֿԼԼɫѾȥ
ļ߻ڲ֪ƣĹţѾ˺ܶ࣬ټּ֣
ߵĵҲͺˡֿӦøеˣΪеͼ
ߵĵǾƺõģÿһֲ˺ܾáֿ˫Ҳ
Ϊû֪˫ŸһûУоĶˡ

ֿõ˽ţԼҲڵȴָһЩ
ʱɫѺڣ΢·ƬĵطǺںһƬ˫
ס˿˫Ǵų߸ţжʮѣ
̶ֱסһߣÿһ̼һ񾭣ѩ
ϼ˪

ֿ·⣬ǱߵģźͣѾ綷ڣ
ŵѾסԼ˿˫ţŸңԼ˿
˫ű˵һֻҲԼһֻ˿ϡ
Ǳŷģϵĵ߶ΪԼˤ˲ݴС
ŴƣΪе˿ﻹԿףֻҪ
лʱóԿ׽⿪Լ˿˫ţôžֻܵű
ˡ˶ڽ״̬ΪҪϢͬʱҪǿ
ԷٴϮԣûʱ⿪ԼĽϵҲûʱȥ
ݶѰԼǹԻ굯

ʱ벻鷢ˡŵȻ
м䱬ըˣεεڵءʱĻߣŴ
ǸݶѺ˳ɫһȹɫ˿һ˫ɫ
׸߸ЬȻ˫ûбһȹҲ͹۵ĺܴ
̶ȵ˫ŵĻȹֻΪŮʲŴ
ȴû뵽ԼҿԼˣ˰
̵ĺ¡Ų֪ԿѾڣϣΪԼ˫ֱ
Եʣֻǵ˼ѣźֽͣŶ
һ˵źһҽźҽһ˱ں
˫Ҳһ𣬳Ϊһס壬ţŻ˿
˴ϣ˽󣬣Űѣŵĵͣŵǹõ
ʹҴȥܳԼƵġ

˲֪˶öѹԼȻͶһ𣬲
ѣŪ˶ֽŶѪ
ۡ˿ס˲˵ֵͨĶԷû˺Լ
߶ȵĽ״̬Ϊ˶ֻ֪˵ԼԶĬ
ֹͣתɽֶſԼ˿Կ׻ڣֱں
ͣ˫һ𣬸û취õԿףƫƫԼֲ˵޷ͣ
ͽȻЭԼõԿףڿֻôˡ˶Ϊʤ
գȴƫƫ˸ˣЩգﶼ໥ָԷĴ

ͻȻ·ڴͻȻһ˫ŽŮû
ţһһܶģźͣţЦš
һɫȹŻɫ˿һ˫ɫģ׵ĸ߸Ь
ΪЬԵʣŽ˿˫ɽ·ﾭЬʯ
ͷ̵ŵףױŤ·ʮѡҲԼùƫƫԼ
Ьʱץ

ԶԵʣ췢鶼Ȼ֪Կ
ڣŵһˣŰ˿ߵԱߣ
ˣŵӣŵ˿ѳԿףϲ⡣Ͻ
⿪Լ˿˫ϵĽͣΪڽ͵ϵģһ
е˵ò

˹Ϊ˱Żźͣӷֱ
˵˸ʽ廨Ӱ˵˿˫ŴӴȴһֱ˫
״󻹲ǵڸ
󣬵ȥ

ڲֿ֮ƣҲˣźĺǰ
ʱҲݲеģţﲻõһ˿οСֿԿ
Ѿڣŵ˿󣬲еһ˿ʧ䡣ֿջģ
вˣţñں˫ְԼĵ綯߸˳ȥ
ʱ˺ܶࡣֿû뵽ǣԼڵȻʱ
ˣҲ˵ѾʮˡֿٶĴݲ£ڲ
ĸ߳ﵽǵ״̬Уʧȥ֪˯˹ȥ





֪˶ãֿѹĿԼǰһ
УжˣһˣԼô԰û취
ֻܽ͵ͺ°ȥ򿪷Уȫǰ׷ֿˣ
ѲǵˡͻȻڰ׷м侹Ȼһİ
ҧ˳־ȻһԿסֿ˿ԿףӦͷԿף
ѵԼǸͷԿף뵽ֿϲ⡣
ԼûпܴÿΪֱں棬ͷȴؿλáԱ߱
һû취ԷȴֶĲеŮֿ뵽һ취
Ž߹ȥԿԱߣȻ˵ǰҽ⿪Ҿι
Է

أŮͬʱͷӦȥԿףſ
ӦǶˣǵûʲôˡ

ҶιģҾǶֿ
ȥûͣ˼

ȻͣȻһŲλãųɹİԿץ
ϣֿ˳ȥãűںֹõڣ˺ô
ڰˣʵԿסֿ֣Ϊʲô
Ǵʲô⡣ôˣϽҡӰϳȥ
˫ֻɡֱ۱̫ˣȻһʱԶˡ

ֿǶ˳ŵι˷ȻԼҲòˣ
ҲԼǷݰ׷Ը⡣еɶˣϾֻ˿
Ľͺ˫̾߰ĳ߸ЬˣԼлġ˿Լ˿
˫ţ˽ĵƿӵ˿࣬Ϊູ̫ʪ
˿˫ŴڽϵܸУֿеʹǣ״Ϊ͵Եʣ
ѾĥǺ׵˺ˣ͸˿඼ܿıҳ̶ȡ

ͻȻֿ֣߸ЬĵطǸʵֻһʵ
ûаЬЬǿԴ򿪵ģԼţԵһ
£ȻİЬֿǸǱԼȻˣô
ãԼ˫ű߸ĥôá˳ϸ˿ͣ
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˰ɣӦеˣȥ㵹ˮ˵꣬ʦ
˷䣬߽˳ֿ룬òȥҩɣԼСˡ

һˣʦеˮ˳һԼǰ棬һС
ĵķֿǰ档˵ȺȵˮԵú顣

ллʦʦвҶݵҶȡֿ
ҵ˸֧ʦ

УȻᡣȻʦתȥֿ˳ưӵ
һ¡ǲǷҩСһǺõġʦó˲Ҷ
ֿǰıӣݲҶȻʦ⿴ֿ
Ĳˮ󣬱ҲԵеˡԼҲڿʣǰˮҲ˼
ڡ

ʦĴӦ𣿡ֿϿҵʵ

أʦҡҡôеˡ
ʦ˵̫ѨȻ˯ˣʦ˯Լ
ҩֿ̾һҿţҪȻԼֲ֪
ô³

ų˯к޷ʦֿεҡҡͷ
ĬĬ˵ʦȻʧˣҪܳͷʦƽʱڽ
ǵĵǲǣ

ֿʦ˴ϣȻ¥ԭԼϵٿ
ʦ壬ϡȻٿһ߸
öλãϵʱֿҲ˳ƶʦ

ֿңأˣСʱģʽǳӣ
Сʱ֮ٴģʽǣСʱ䵵
ʦеˡŻûֿ꣬ʦӽʵʵĴֵŶ
Ӱ˸飬֡

ֿʦƣ֮϶ܽ⿪ӵģΪ϶֪
ͿеġֻֿǲʦôɵĹ
ϣ࣬źӦԼĳͷ

ֿʦױ̨һ󣬾뿪ˣҲûú
Ϣˡ⼸ȷʵۻˣ컹кöҪأôʼǸ
ѧ

ֿµûԸںĵʣһ֮˳
һϵн⸿ĶԼٿ㣬ͬʱܵ
ԼļƻʧˣգںޣͬʱҲģţΪ
ԤУԼԺӽǺܲƽġͻȻֿµ
ʦȻ㲻ú˵꣬
ǾֻúúҵĽڲп𣿼ǵãһҪȥϣ
ڽҵŶУİһӡһ
ҪǼ˵İɫɫһȹְҵװҪǵô㰮
ɫ˿㴲˫û㴩ģϸ߸İɫЬУ
ϿμǵÿҸĶţף죡Ȼ֪Ѿŭֿ
û뵽ھȻôˣСˡҾȻҲװҪȥҪ
˫׵ĸ߸ЬԼƽʱֻԸʱڴϴģûд
ȥһЬ̫̫ϸ·ڶԼΪʦҪ
ָ߸ЬʦݣοȥϿΡ

һҹߣǰԽľʹ䷴̼
ʹ֮ȥֿµʹಢ
԰ΣǳĹݲˣ澹Ȼģм
Ѿۿ˯ȥȻӲı̼ѣһֱҹ賿
֪ԼʲôʱŰȻ˯ȥֿصΥᣬǶ
ĵȥˣ˯ϢʲôҲˣǵģ
úúϢˣѵһζȹӣ˿࣬ڿ㡤úϴ˸
ˮ衤صϤľΥĴϣ֪˯˹ȥ֪˯
˶ãֿбĽˣŷ֣Ѿϣˣ
аСʱ͵ȥϿˣǵģӢΣֿͻȻĸо
еģʵԼǲôġѾһ
ԼָýôĳͷأġϰԵĿ
˿ֻȻһδţָܼ򵥣㴩һ
ϲȹӣȻɫ˿࣬صǽһ춼ô˫׵
ɫϣǵģ˫ϣÿŶУ۸Ӣ
ʦףÿġ

Ϣֿεҡҡͷ˶ԷͷѾЦˣ
ԼģѰĵġ˿ֵ࣬ýżϣⲻ
һԼĴĿ֮³Ϊ𣿶Ҹ绹ΣǸɫ
еʦôȥ治֪ǸʦôԼ
ôΪԼͬѧƶǹģǵĿ
⣬˵Ǹɧ룬ֿãֵľˡ
ôиӢʦҲҸοˡ



һҲȥˣֻʣһˣʱ䲻ˣҪ
óٵˡֿѡһɫȹϣϤ˿࣬
ȴе㲻׵˫׵ķɫϣ·ǳѣֿ
ķ֣Ȼûʲô˫ȴǺ̶ܴȵ
Ϊһ΢߿ЬӾͻ׵䣬Լ˿ѾѼ˫
ϡˣûʱˣֿӢװһЩճƷ
ϰ߳ˡϰԼֺεġ硹ˡ

ȻһſھͱŮͶĿ⣬ģԽԽ
˶ֿʱٴͷӿŲ
뿪¥ڼмλΪϵԵŤˤмЬ
Ӷһˣֵ´áֿԼѿľٶ˲Ů
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ڣ尾߳ŮԢ¥ȴ֣иѿĳ
ƯѧУ֪ŮÿһĵطͶĿ
⣬һΣԼ̫˵Ĵ磬Щſˮ
ĳ嶯ò߹ÿһ·

˽ңԼ࣬Ϊ̫ȫѾѪ
ڡĵĴӽҺ˽ȥΪ˷ֹ˿
λã˿Ųӵ£ȻԼƽ

ֿûعϿˣйɿĸ߸Ьô
Ӣʦɫɫһȹɫ˿ͳߵϸ
ЬԸе߽˽ңҲ˰ͬѧͬĻʦޱ
ϿΣͬʱҲ⿴һ½Һֿ֮һ
ʼĿãǣ硤

ʦ̨ϸĽΣ̨µѧûһεģر
Ҫʦȹ׵ع⣬ҪͿ˫˿ȶ
룬ҪͿʦ˫ų߸Ь˿ſˮֻֿ
Ÿô۸һʦΪ㣬ͬѧǴԼ
˵Ĵעɢȥ

̨潲ΣԴɢԼĺµ飬ҪӱܵĶ
ӱֻܲһĶͣ˽Σ򿪶
ţȻֿϢһۼװֿ˶ţ
ͬѧϰȻ͵͵Կ׸ңȻص̨
ǵý̨иӣóĽȻͬѧϰȴ
ڿ¿Ρģ̨ڵģ濴

Ϣ׽ֿ֪ҪʲôԼԿ׸
ȻѽһҴ򿪻ݺңѧ
Уôȥô֪Լ³ǲǻң
ԼȥпɨءԼܺͰѱϡˣ
ҪôŪ̫ˣơظһϢ
㿴Ű죬̫žһһˡͬѧǶĪôͻȻ
ϿˣҪʦ˽̨ȵĲǫ̈̄סˣ
޷۸ˡ

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ͲãǾ͸ɴҲ

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һ£۾߷߲ƽĿֿˣԼȫ·磬
û취̸ֻֿû뵽ֿȻô侲ǡû
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ôˣ೤ȥʾģҪʲôʦ
̨һǿĴ̼һ߰ѱŵ˿
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Ŷңû£ȥɣϢһ±á

ɫǺܺð

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ŶðɣʦúϢʲôҪǴ˵Ŷ

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ڰ˸ƭȥˣ֣̼ԽԽǿˣô죬
ˡû취ֿ˶ţҲˣҶԸղ˵Ļʾ
Ǹصˡ



ֿϢŷõ˰οָ֣оܺãΪʲôԼȴ
ʦĽɫ˰ڲΪԼеʦϢ
˵ѧˣͬѧǶ߰ɣһڿξϡ

ʦϢ붼룬˵Լ岻޷Ͽˣͬѧ
ѧȥȻͬѧѧɿ뿪˽ңʣ¼
ʾȥʺʦҲʦˡҾʣֿ
ʦˡ

ֿ̧Ŵ˿żкϵ˫߶ڽǰŶ
˲ϡȻʦȥֿ磬һ
£ôɧѹôȫֿ֪ҲǱ
ŪһϷֻȱӣ͵Щϵĵߡ

ֿ㵽ôȰصòãʦʹ
˵

ʦֻãΪʲôЩܲƽƫƫϣ
κˣԣֻܶԲס㣬ҿԵõҪİο
ֿ֪Լô˵ЩԼƵġҲ
Щƽ⣬ûз֣ԼѾȫͶЩūϷУΪ
ūʵҲΪ˵Ǳʣˡ
ðɣôȰص𣿡ʦٴοƿ
ˡ

صԣóһԼ˫ں棬ǰȰԿ׶
ֿȻС˺ܶࡣ

û취ֻֿҲгŵļߵĹֹͣˡ

ʧȥ˷ʦֿĵߵߣ
˵Ȱ׵˿Ÿ⿪Ȼóӣ˿˫
ŴӴȴʣδһֱ˽״Žʦ̨ɺã
˿˫øղŽ⿪˿˫źͱں󱳵˫
һʦȽޣʹα̶˽̨ϡ

ֿűʦԿԿ׷ֱ˲ͬͬѧ
Ȼʦӽ̨Ϸɵ΢ĵϡ

ˣʦ⿪Կ׾ĳͬѧòõõ
ˣͬѧϿλһʱ䣬ֿͣ˵
۸ʦеõ˺ܺõС

ˣŹҰɣôʦʾ
ܿͰ͡

ҲܣӶԼ⸿ΪʲôͲУ˵ˣ˵
ҾѶȣֿ˵šʦʱԹԡ

ˣˣҪԼŬˡ˵ֿ꣬ͷҲص
߳˽ңŸغˡʣһΪҵѿ
Կ׶뾡֭

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Ҷ󣡵ʱֻֻһظҪԸͿԡ

Լõ˽ͣҿǺܲӣֿһ
ĪõСֿеʱ򣬷ǿ֪ʲ
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ڲߣŪòСİЬŪֵǿ񫡣Ҳǿڻֻ
ǿ۸ûдʲô⣬Ҫ侲

ţȴǿҲһֱô죬ֿŵöͷ
ðˣɲɫϾٷԼٵܣ
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һֻ˿ϣţһֻҲ˽ȥ

㣬ڸң㣬ҵĽ
˿˫ŸջûãֱǱһֻͼı
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ǿû˵óһͬǿаֿ˫Ť
ס˫Ѿʧȥж˫ֵȫûǿ
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ֿķ͸ֻֿصıʾ顣
ȫǿжɾ䣬ֿ֪ȫҲֻһʧ
ӡ



ֿ˺ܶˣҾҶĳѾ޷԰εĵز
ԣҾˣҪжǿ˵꣬óӣں޷
ֿϰһ׸ĵطһᶥ
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ʾֿǰߣֿȻԸ⣬ôĶǿǰ
ȻԸ⡣ǿˣȻֿ޷£Ĵ
ֿƨɣŵÿҲĵ˳

ǿɲܣǰӣֿβҷˣԹԵ̧˿
ţԼ˿űͷĲȣˤ
ˡ

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ȻֿߵúǿһҲ⣬õ˴δй㡣
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ֿȫ֪ԼǸʲôˣֻ֪ǿһ
̼Լ͵һţߵ˿˫Ŷȫ᲻ˣ
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ӡ

ʱ鷢ˣǿͻȻʱӵ˸绰
֪绰ͷ˵ʲôǿ˿һֿ󣬽˫ֺ˿
˫ŵԿ׸ˣȻЩߣ뿪ֿҰ

ֿԭأűŤףҿŤˣϢһ
ûˡֻǸղôһˤϰʹҪģöطˡ
ֿĳ͵ķڽȻԼ϶׸Ҳ⿪ˣ
⵽ʱԼʱоһֻȻɸСϢһᣬ
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Уֻ˫ƣ͵˿ϣÿһڼ尾һֿ
̡Ҳ֪ԼôߵģѾ˯Ĵңֿ
ͻȻĽǣúۣڴϾ˯˹ȥһαѽ
磲ˣԼҲ֪˯˶ãоȫۻˣرֻ˿
ţоһûУӻΣֿ뵽Լ
ΣֻԼֻ˿࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ƕ
е֣ûô˵ֿĪоԼԽԽ
ˡû취ôĥѶ߹ˣװûµϴϴ򵥵Ĵ
һ£Ȼƣ̬ǿԡ

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ϣ׼߳ȥ

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˭δ˿ȹӣô׵ϡ

ֿʱѵѣԼȻ֪ô
֧֧ͣ˵Ŷǣǡѽˡ
û˵꣬Լת뿪˼⡣

һһ·λͬѧȫĿ⣬
˫ŵƣͣ˿Ŵϣ·ŤŤģ
ߵͬѧ޲ùǿֿĮı飬Ҷ
Լġ⡹

򳡣мӲŵϿʱ䡣ֿƣ͵˿˫Ų
ҿϢϢϢ

١һ죬ʦˣһټҼϡ
Ǹɫɫʦֿͷ˹ȥ˿˫ŵ
˴Ҳرע⣬ӶҲһֱ˿˫ţ·
ˮҪˡ

ҶϣʦһӱϢǽ죬
ͬǣȻдȦ򳡣˵Ҷ
ֵģʾ⣬ǿ˿ϵֿҶʱûʲô
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ôܰ϶ҪЩڵſЦ
ء

ʦҽűŤ˲ֿһԱ

ŶֿŤ𣿹ҿʦ˵

ʲôǲֵûԼĽţǸɫϴ
һˡһǼȻԼ˵ˣôأ



ʱҶڿЩеĻû˿šû취
ֻܼװһȳһյߵʦԱߡ

ֿʲôΣʦͻȻ˵ֿ
һ

Ρֿ˵

οԴȹ˿࣬Դ˫Ͽԭʦô
˵ģʦʵ

ԡֿͻȻ˵κ

ǶʦĲ𾴣˵Բԣʦûơ

ǵģңҡֿʱҸо

ԶԡЩͬѧϵĻشʦ

ãȻŤˣҲˣ̬⣬÷
˵ǲǣʦ˵

ԶԡЩͬѧǿֿԿˣ˷ܲѡ

ţһСһΣ´ǾϳŶʦһ£
㷣վɣֿÿԽ𣿡ʦʵֿ

ԡܾܾ𣿺ڷվҲûʲôرģֻǶվõ㣬
ѡ

ţãȻͬˣǾ﷣վһ㣬ǵȻᶼ
ҪȥǱϿΣû˼ල㣬Ϊ˱֤ͷʦҪֽŰ
㲻סʦͻȻ¶аЦݡ

ʲôңǣңҡֿԼȻϵˡ

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꣬ȻӲԶó˼ǽֿ˫̶ֹڱ
ãžǰֻ˿źϲܽãֿͶˣֻ
ʵʵ﷣վֿеܵǣΪǰеԵ
ӣʦÿһ˺ܴ˫ֺ˫ŵһ
ʹĸоʱ

ʦ̫ˣʹֿ߿š

֪ʹˣ㲻ʦ´λҲҡ˵꣬ʦ
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һ£ֻͽͣΪ̫Ūʹֽš

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˴ҵҪͷӢ۾Ҳû˸ð֮Τ

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ЧԣҲû飬ǸﳰЦŮѣ
ȴûһ˧ͦС˵ӰһҲ񣬷ӭ˼
µĻŮΪʲôô˵ǣΪ⼸ŮΪ׵һ
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ȷʵǶԵģΪòģǺֿһʱ

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Եıˡ

վס˭ѽֿ̼Ķ䣬ʱе
֡

ңұʦվˣԡֿţ취
Ρ

վ㴩ôɧ˭ڵ˵š

㡤ҡߣ£˵㡣ֿ
ûб˵ô˵Ȼ̡ܲ

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ݣǲϿΣʦΪǳӡҪ
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ҡҡǵģ㲻Ҫ˵㡤ֿеԼ˸
ܵ裬䲻֪ôĴ磬һȾƵͷ
򴦾𣬰Ƥµ٣·һűޣϴ
Űɫ͸ӵĽȹɫºڿ֣ͬŰɫ
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ǴĻ˺öʯƽ׵ĽкüȦԵú
Ŀһ˫Ьֿ룬ôƯȴô
ˡ



ýˣ߰ɡԱһλŮմӰó
ͽֿͣȥ

Ҫ㲻ҪңҲߵġ㣬ûȨץҡ
ֿɲԼץȥǵūֿ
ķĽֿ˫ϣ˫
Ĵ˿ϵ˫˽ͣͨľ
ȷʵ⽻ͽ͡

㣬㣬ΪʲôͲŹأû㣬ƽʱ
㡣ֿԼķסˣ


Ҳ㣬˭㴩ôɧôУ档ˣ
˵ˣڶҵĳͷҾ͸Ŷ˵
Ͱ͵ӣķǳ⡣

㡤ҡֿ̣ʱʧȥƽʱİ
ľƢı˺ܶ࣬ϾΪµļ仰ӱҵĴ
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ֿ˵˵ЦЦȻǱߵһŮһ
Сڵϣ˵ҪǲôŽܳͷأԼѵ⿪
ϵİɡ

ŵһѲ۵СƽʱһͿõ飬ȴ
ôѡЦı飬ֿίǣ
סˣһ棬ֵóˡ

û취ֿѵܵԱߣϥƨ£Ȼһ
ƨ˵ϡǼŮĿԼϲѣ
ڵһβôǿҪžԱߵС
Ҳ׼õ֣ʱ벻ķˣһ
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̫ˡ˽ֿȻǰСֽֿű
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߰ɣùңҲǡֿлĿǡ

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ûµģԼӦģҲֻ档ûˡ
ֿοǣͬʱҲοԼ

ٲһץԵúšû취Ҳ
ǱȽϵ͵ĺѧֻܲĵ뿪ˡǼ
ˣ֮ǰֿԼҪκ˵
κ֪ƽʱô߸ϵԼھȻôǱʾǰԼ
İûᡣ

ˣ߰ɣԸţԱߵļŮܲѺõĽֿ
ȻѺĺ棬ֿȫ֪ԼҪȥ
ֻǽ촩˿ϣԼŽ·šһ˫
߸ЬҲһ㰡

һ˫Ь𣿡ֿʵ

ԺҪֱ֣Ҫ졣УЬӲϲ
𣿡˵

ҡ·Žأֿί˵

֪ɧʱأЦ˵

ҡֿʱ޻˵ţ㿴㣬ֺõȥ
ЬӻôߵѵǸɧ𣿵ǣҲֻ룬˵


뻻ЬҲԣ¹Ұ˵



ž˵ڣԱ߶һŮһƴȥ
첻ĵᡣ

˵ˣǽҪֿί
ӣ̵ġˣˣ㿴ǰǼûУڹȥ
һѲϴɾ

ֿһۿȥŮվſڼල棬Ů
ˢϴŮޡֿҲͬʱԼõ
صĽͣΪŮûжԵúܳءһŮֿ˫
⿪ǰٴáȻֿ߽Ůޡձƽȥ
˫ϵ˿ͱĴɽˮܵʪ͸ˡ

ֿţԼȥ֪ҪʲôʱҪ취һ
߿ලЦһ߼װ𹤾ϴű
Լץ۸ֿĺԱһλŮ˵˵ʲôֺ뿪
ǳζݵĲֿżץͬѧֶһЩ
ʹúѧеߣ۸Щ۸ѧǲ
һԼʶģģϴ·۵ġ
ҵᣬŽͣߵǸͬѧԱߣĵʵͬѧʶ
𣿡

ʶôץˣǴҹϵŮ񰡣ͬѧȵ
شš

˵ˣ㣬ҪϴʲôʱʲôʱŻ
˰ֿһͬѧ˵ԼԭǵŮ͸еԼ
ʲôʱܽǱ

֪Ҳǰձץģ˵ҪãǷ
ˣǲߣҪһֱ߲˵ġϴһŮǺһ죬
ͱץһץǰ꣬ǸŮ¹ʲôĲ
ġͬѧ߼װϴ͵͵˵š

ǰɣҲ̫Ե˰ɡǽʲôϴꣿȻȥϢ
ֿʱе֪׷ŹԼġ취
һӵɡ

ţ׼˯ʱˣǻǹһ赸Ȼ
ǾͿԺú˯ΪҲ˯

ֿ˼ֹͣ˶Իʼ۲Լϵͽ͡
ԾǼõģԼĹϵġûԿ׿϶
ţ˼Ůֹͣ˹ֿ֪ζ
Լ뿪Ĳˡ

ţŮʾֿǸߡε鷢ˣ
ڲˮĽϵ˿ʪ͸ˣ˿ϴƫƫ˫
ϣƫƫؽͣ˿вϣһһΣ
ԵرΡѵϣ˿·У԰Сʯͷ
ĵ·ȴ

ֿҿ㣡һλŮ䷳Ĵ

һλҲ찡߿ֿҲǺټķƢ
һӱûطй

žǸŮĲ֪һӣֻֿ˿
ȾһޣֿûзĹ˵ϡֿίҲûж
˵ʲôˣǵģѧ̡ԱһͬѧȥȻ
ղŵɳȥϼ˻ϡֿվϸ
š

ۺ¥赸Ҫڣ¥ֿʪ˿˫ſ
¥ݣֻܲϣ˿¥ݣ
һصĽͣѶȻ治С

赸ңǾƣһ죬ֿΪԼԺú
Ϣһˡûô򵥣ǰŮֿ
ȫ֪ءץļͬѧܼ򵥣ϵ⿪һ
Ľϣһ赸ҵĹϣҲľϺú˯
ǵֿһжһˣϵ˿ϵĽͲûн⿪
˫ַӵһ컨ϵµõϣ
ֻŵ˿ֻܵŽżվŲ֧ţ˿˫Żһ
һ˫ŵĻɷΧסˡֿҲЩʾĬ
νˣͱʾ鶼ˡ

Ůúֿ󣬻ֿգĹ뿪ˡ
¿ɱֿĲŤСƶ˿˫˫
⴫ʹ



ԱߵͬѧҲȥˣԱиСӣ˹ȥֿ
ѵ˱Ƶűߵϣֻ˿ŵļĥѡ
ֿϲǣӵĸ߶ȣպֿ˫ִϵĿ϶ｫ
ӳӶҲлл⼸ͬѧİס⿪
ϵӺϻʣϵ˿ϵͽͣ
˫Ŷһжӵļˡû취ܷܲκο
ߵĻᡣһΣ˫Ӱжϣ˿
˫ţѾû˼߶У԰߶ҿԼ᲻
Զ·Сʯͷ˿ŵױĴʹУһ
νŵܵĥ֮ǰ˫ſһֱܵص㱣ģǵģŶһ
ŮĶǼҪģһͳŮǸôĴ
ᣬΪõūֻظһϢЭҺú
Ҫûҵϣ

յָȣͽԿ׶ķıչ
ǣҪľǻΣ
طϲŪģҲߣǾ˫š
ǳıȴһֱãһ̣֭
ֻҪһŮ˵һ㣬ȡŮ˵֭
ԼʳΪ벻һʳһ
Ů˲Ϊ̫ǿĴ̼ԣ˻̱һ㣬־塣
СС״ֻչҪóֻܵ
Ů֭ŮֻҪžԴԴϵ֭ҲζŮ
Ҫһӱ̲ʱĴݲСǹŴǧɵ
͡˵ǽͻ˵Ϊͱڵľ
Ϻ˫жľһҵľ롣⸱һûԿ
ףΪǧԲʲô߶ġǸ۶Ҳ
˵˫ŵġڱĹУԿҲ֪٣һֱ
ڴ򿪵״̬ԣһ⸱ϣ˭ּѵġ
ҲպԽͷֻޡȻһãϲ
΢ĿУÿ˯͵͵ƵĴºʹ
˿࣬ǵǿȶǵúܵ͵ģְԼ۾סȻ
ԼֽŷֱڴͷʹβԿ׾ͱһϸϡ
䣬Ҫ֮ǰԿõ֣޷⿪ԸΪ
ķ²֮ùľˡһɹͿȫ£
޼ɵıжˣԵĵǿȣܡл
ģУһ˫ЬģֻҪһվţЬ׵
ͻͨǿҵһֱ봩ȴһֱҴġȻˣ֭
̺ҪҪϣҪȡˣֻܸһ㣬ԭ
ǴҪϵģҿ֮ǰˣҪҵľˡ
סĹԢԿѾڰµϳļʻλϡˣף㱨졣

ϸıԣֿƺƽ˲١Ƕ˯ˣ
ʰһ£Լһ˫׸ߵİɫЬŽ͵ӷֹ
Ӻ͵ײ죬ŲűͽƵ˿˫ţԼİ
뿪Ϣĵطʼ˸֮·

ڣֿ˰µϣǱϷŵŵԿףʼ
ЩˡԼһסģҲĸȻ
˫ŴͣԴӰ죬ᳵ·ֿûʲôѹ
ֻƣʹ˫յĳĿӼᶨ
ġ

ѧУԶ·ڣѡȥѧУĹԢ
Ǹ¥õԼļ幫Ԣ鷳
ǷԼҲ˳ûκ˻ʱֹ
ţʱ϶ѾԼĵ̼ĿС
ֿ˫͵ҵײҲᳳ
ðȣСĵİϡ

˿֣Ӧڣ¥ֿȰѰڣ¥ɳϣ
¥ݣָ߸Ь㰲·ٴѵ
ķ䣬ĴţĵûأȻѾ
ڵĴϣ۾ϴ֣ʲôƽʱ
ڱȴһ棬ֿ޲óȥ͸⡣
ǵǸ¶ֿˡ

ֿţһֻӣһָֻ˫·ĵߵ
ĴߣǸչ񣬵סˣԼҪǽ
ϵԿ׸ùȻİԿ׶ϡ
һӴͷõһѼǸİԿ׵ӣԿ
֣ȫܹĵذϡľԿױˣ
ȴȻȻ֪˯ţʱʱķ΢
ĵã¼
Ƶ

ܣչȻ׾ٵıֿˣصĲǮ
һЩĵߣҵԼֽ͵Կף򿪣˫ֵ
ɣ˿ϵ͡ڣֵõ˾Υֽɡڣ
úʰʱˡ



ֿôܵӣеߡͷ
۵ңΪʲôۣΪңһ
һ˿һ֪ϵº͵˿ңء
õ֣˿λȻ͵ģĽңصǿȵ
мλá

ʱͻǿȵĴ̼ˣڷ쳣
һ߱ߡţһȥİѽԼֽ
ԿףǲôҾҲʱΪȽţ
ÿԼƿˡʼţ뽫ԼֽŴѳ
˴ʹ׵ʹԽԽԾԼԿ
ˣôҲˡȻֿ֪һ͵͵Цš

ȻԼݾأԼڰʲô㣬Ī
ı˭趼֪ҲǶһĥ

ֿó֮ǰᵽ̺֭ͣһ£Լ
ˣЩҪԼһˡֻǣ
Ľûдڿϡʱʲ
ôһ޶ȵĻȹţȫر
һ˲ΪһûзҲûУҲһ
Կֵֿһսµڿ


һĹ۾ףȫΣ˹ȥ̹Ȼ
ҿǱԼ塣ŻԹȥֿ
ҲãùԹԵԼһ¡ֿ˿оµͣ
ȻСĶȴأûӦУ֮ء
ֿǹص˵º͵˿࣬Žֻ˿ŴӴβ
ͷиųĸֻ˿˫⸱
͡ڴͬʱֿҲΪ˫µ˫ŽҪܵѱʾϧ
죬˿˫ϻһ˫ֵǧĸ߸Ьʢ˵
У԰ǺεȵԸк͸߹û뵽ҲĽ
ʹ

һϰͱֿӰ˸廨ֱֻڱ
סӰ˫ϵӲ޶ȣ²
ס󣬽ͺͦε˫еøԡӳ
״ϱȫסѧϰĺݶֿ˫ϻ
һõȻҵһ׽ӽԿ׹ǰ

òֿ࣬ʼ·ø̫ǵ
ֽĸջϵĺɫסǸֻкɫ˿°
һɫŷϵȹȹ㹻ͽŵƽУס͡ţ
һɫţ£˫棬ڵ
ɼĵӣ󻹸һбڵڱͻ
˫֣Ȼȫ֮ĵߡŲˣ
ֿ˫һֱҴĵ߸Ь˫ЬȻֻУף
ǽŵײѹЬ״Ȼ֧Լ·ȣ׸ߵĸ߸Ь
ҪֲЬǴģֿԿ׷ŽԼİˣһɣ
ĽԼİµϳϣûԼİһЩ
õĵ߶Žȥ˫ֵǧģ׸ߵϸ
׸߸ЬýɵЬЬӿۺú뿪ıһ
ҹɫ˰µϡ



ֿڵóԸֽˣⱲӶ޷
ѵĿˡūֻ˵ллȴֻȻһδ
ţֿĴ򿪿˿µϷʼˣһҲҸ
һָˡεϷҲϴԼѡõġԣףˡ

ֿܲ죬һʲô˼ʺܲҲԼ
õˣƺǸе˷ܣҲԼİϷ
ֿͷ뷨̫аˡҲҲһֿܣǾ
Ҫһ߿ʼ˼ϵΪū뵽Ȼ
Īһ˿˿ļУƺԼԼԼŷϣԼԼ
Ϸ¿صѧУļɽ԰߶ڳ
Ǹ׼ˡ㵽ǼƷϣƷ
ǼӹģȹǳˣҲν¶ȹڿֻ
㣬иɫȥҿԸ㣬ǸҲ
Ƶģǣ㷢ʱԵķӦӶӦ
ķ̶Խߣľͻ֮߳ʣ趨ĵЧ
Ҳʱ޷԰ΣֹֻͣЩ뷨Ӷٷ飬
ŻֹͣԣҪܿˡУܸߣ
Žȥֻ֮ʵ̲ºһῼǻ᲻
̡Ȼѡɫ˿ˣЬӾʹڵ˫ţҪȥ
ɽҵһ·ߵϢΣȥ߷ԱߣȻɫ
˿ɫһӣ˫Ž󣬵ȻҲҪɫӣ
ΰáں棬Ϊɫ˿һģ˲رע
ǿģ԰ܺõءһһ
ڱ󣬻Ҫһ˫ֺһԿ׶
ֽŶĵطҪľ취õԿףõ⿪
ȵɡȻҲ԰һ·²Աߣú㡣

Ƽ򵥵Ϸֿ鲢ûô򵥣ԿԼ϶ò
ˣôôõֻб˵Эô˭أǵԼʱ
һѡᣬ˭֣䲻뿴ġ

ֿһ£ôԼҪǱ۸ˣһŮԱһ
裬Ҳǿ԰οԼģرǿת˵עԼ
ϡǣڻڻ״̬ԼҪȥɽˡû
ֻһˡѧУɽ֮󣬷ҹУ԰Ѿûһ
ӰԼԸеľ˿󣬽վҲ
Ϊվӣѹ˫ϣΪֻ߸Ьĵ
ӲĵˣʹĺֻΪͿ֣ص
ΪƾŸоֻܸܵ߸Ьŵֲ
òţԼӦǴԼ˫ЬϹڵϣ
˵ЬΪֵԵʣԼȫĻֻǼ
ԼڼҵԸ˴˿ӣԼӦϡԼȴ
˵ϻĵĻᶼûУԼ˫ֱں涯ã˫
ֱһĽͣԼӦȫʧȥɵԼδ
֪ˣ޷Լƿص壬ƴȴ˿ûɶ󣬶
ȫԼڵӣƽʱϰ˸߰ܵί
ľͿ

ôǱֿÿЦɲͬ
ϵȦ͹֮ǣɽȥտʼȻ
ˣԼܵ裬ֿ˵º͵˿
мΡ֮۵ֻ˿ϥеĲ
һ·ϥǺܿ촫ʹȴҵֻֿίĿŹԭ
Ϣнȴվ·Ĵǿɱ

ֿ̫е㲻ͷķվȻվ
ȴŽżţԼҪǷƽ˫ţԼ˫Ҫܵ
ʺˡȻƴŽż·ڲԼ˫
ǿĿܵ˺˿Ǹ͵û߼˫ŻǱ
ˣǰڻãÿһλܸ˺ܾòűһΣ˺棬Ƶ
ԽԽˡ˲ףԼͱŪ˺ܶˮ

Ǹ¼ɧֿи˵һ¡

ءǸŮԼߵֱţҲ
ԼϵĵЬĹǺڣ˫ڿʼ򶶣վ
ȣΪ˲Լһֱڱ״̬ٴιڵأߵؿ
š



һĪֿĵȻǿǰ·߾һ
ϢΣֿѡ˾ӶҲ̫·ܵ
ĥ̫ȦԱߣ
ϢԼҲʼָʼԸܴ󵨣ԼȻҪõ
Կ׽űţʲô
ֻǺܲԸİæţ֪ԼȻôֿ
ɴȨ

ֿ߰Աߣó˴˵кɫ˿ɫһ
ӣ̾ǳʰ״ɫɫ˿һģһ
ôԼ˿˫ϣϣһ治֪Լֻ˿Ǳ
ġȸԼ󣬽ǸԹԼ壬
һ߻֮ǰԼ屻ݲеĸоû뵽ȴ
һ£ϽǿԼЩ뷨ܾõ˼붷
ٶ룬˫ַ֮ڽ˫
ڵαϡȴ˻ʲôҲ֪

˺ܾãƣԼȻڲ֪˯ˣһֱԼԼ
صűѣһһԼȻ
ǿڶ֣ҲԼ
ֿһϣԼûⶼֻϣ
ҲΪһٶǿע⣬ǿ
ֿôÿһԼεĴǿǿ
汻ڹŵʦֿƺˣԭǿ
ϣǿϴżȻԼ

ʦֿеһ󺮲ʦȫѸ⣬ֻ
ϵ˿໹ǿڵ壬ϱʱ
ʱ죬ûڿ㣬ֻбŵһڹļ
߲Եøֱֶֻۡ۰һΪ֧
ŵ㣬ſڵϡ˫űһУصĽţ˿һ˫ϸ
ЬУҵĸ߸ЬʦͱסˣҪ
ֿ϶Ҫƿڴֻ޵ֿ
ʦҪɱٿʦڵĴֿͻȻǿ
ͶԼͼı죬ǰΪԭԼѣǲÿһ
ô˵ġ

ǿԶһ㡣ֿں
棬Լ˿˫ȻûΪӵԭǿӦ
Լ˫ǱģֻҪҪǿ֣Լͻлᡣ

㿴ǵУŪʲôֿǿ
ˣԼȻ᲻ŵΪҵڡһֱںڰе
һԼǸ˾ȻֿʹصĿ
ߵŤӣ޲Լӣúʰֿ

ʲô£㿴ʦСҰŰʦ˵ȥ
ֿɸԼơ

ߣҵĽˣ㻹лȥ˵𣿡ǿЦ˵

ҹ֮ǰΪ˴򲻹㣬ΪҾͺ۸㣬
ѧȭġ϶֪ɣֿװŻһ
ǿ

㣬㣬Ҹղ˫ǲǱںˣ
ɧԸǲǣǿװ̽һ¡

ǰ־Ͳں棬ûԼԿֿȥ
ˣҽ

ҹȥҾ͹ȥѽϴҵСܱܵߵùǺΪס
ԺһֱͬѧЦǰϲŵģôβˡǿ˵
ţɫеĿֿԸе˫š

ǰҵѽǿǶֿ˫
ӰҿûԼ˿˫űˡ

ֿţŲڹȥʰ㡣žԸе
ǿеֲסջˡ

ңֿţʵﺦ¼ˡ

ҿ˭ңͻȻԶһ˵۹ȥԭǺ
ֿʦգôˣأҲĳ
ԼΧ

ʦ£߿ǿʾߣƻ
¡

ǿҹŲҰˡʦǲһ
ԱǿҪ

ԿǿȻҹȻԿʦֿ̾Ů
ջĲһȻ˴һ

ϵԿ׸ҡлᣬֿȻˣ
Կϡֿ֪ݣȻ˳ӣ
ʲôԿףȻܲµӦþֿԿ
ףǿĻǶԵģֿԼˡ

㣬Կ׸ңҾͷ㣬Ȼǲǻ볢º
˿ζֿڸòңأֻŻŻ



ءֿ״Ȼˣűʾ
ֻùԹԵĳֿԴȥʱʦȻҲ
ֿ֪ʦǹֹԿ׸ԼģҺʦҲ
˵ҲҺ۾ֻܵҲֻܽĵȴţ˵
ָԼ

ܿ죬ʵһĻˣֿֿԹĵط
׼Կ׽ֿʱʦҲǧһ
֮ʣֿѸȥץԿףʦҲͬʱȥ

ֿϲǣֿõԿףͬʱɱǣֻõ
һԿףһѱʦôһ̣Сݶ
ôֿ࣬Ŵϣܴ˫ֵ
һԿ׾ӵԿףûмֵԼ˫ͬҲܵõɡ
ǣ˾ǰԿƫƫֻܴӵԼ˫
ֻǱں档ǲô˵Լӵˡ

ֿܣ˫ŸͲԭԼ˿˫ź˫
Ǳѽ̫ΣԼԼ֮ǰֽ˿˫ź˫ȸ
ˣңֽŻǳʽģŸ߸ЬԼվŶѡ
û취ԴСʦʼ⿪ϵˡ

ֿĴ˸ղԿ׵ĲݴԶѣʼ˵ϣñ
˫ƴѰǰԿסʦ⿪ں
˫ֿ֣ļһ㣬Ӻܿͱ⿪ˣ˫ֵ
һ֪Կʵͱǰ
ֺͿʼʦ⿪ֵӣڽ
ĹУҲķֵԼϹʲôȻǰԿ
ףǳԵĴںڣ˫ֻɣ
ţʦ˫ҲɡȻҲػɡǣ˵ĽͶû
򿪣Լ˿˫ŵĽ;ȻǸ֮
ߵĳֿ߹ȥǱʦҪ뿪
ΣյأԺٱ𣬱ϾΣﻹǱߡ

ʦ뷨ǲֿĵ߰
ҵ˼ֿ֮ʦųصĽͣ
ʱŵЬĵ໥뿪

ֿεĿԼӵļߣһǴݵ
ֿ˫ϵӣʶ⸱̵˿˫
ŵжͬʱΪŸ˿˫ŵЧ
ֿԿ׶ԶĲݴԡǿֿͬ
ʧȥҪģóһֿһֻ˿
סһͷٴǰϢϡȻԿķŽ
ͰֻֿĬĬűŰ˵ĵ
ΪǺһֿ֣ͬҲʧȥӾ

ڣǿʦˣһ񶷣ǿԭ
ŮֻʣһʦԱʾߵӣǿֿ
ʦҲеοˡɫеĳֿȥȫڰ
ֿȻ֪

ֿһȵµ״̬ƴѰǰԿס
ͻȻ˿ŲݴԵֿʼ־ܺ
ԵıĽźµ顣

ֿͬѧҪ£ʦʦа
ֿЦáб˺ֿľ
Ըе£Բ򣬿ˮҪ˳ȥֿ
ѹ棬šֿôܵ裬
ǳ޿κλ޿κΡֻÿԼίֿ
ǣʱѾǣƵԽ
ԽߣͬʱĴ̼һֿҲ˲ϼ
١һ׳ҲʦˣӼļ顣湻
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